The History of Essay Topics on Gender Stereotypes Refuted

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Active And Passive Euthanasia Essay - 1739 Words

Rachels and Brock In â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia† Rachels demonstrates the similarities between passive and active euthanasia. He claims that if one is permissible, than the other must also be accessible to a patient who prefers that particular fate. Rachels spends the majority of the article arguing against the recommendations of the AMA. The AMA proposes that active euthanasia contradicts what the medical profession stands for. The AMA thinks that ending a person’s life is ethically wrong, yet believes that a competent patient has a right to choose passive euthanasia, meaning to refuse treatment in this case. Rachels makes four claims arguing against that AMA statement. Rachels first argument is explained through justice and†¦show more content†¦Rachels’s third point in the argument states that there is not a fine line between passive and active euthanasia. He sets up two scenarios involving two cousins. In the first scenario, Smith plans to dr own his cousin in order to inherit money. The second scenario involves a person by the name of Jones. Jones plans on drowning his cousin for money, but the cousin falls, hits their head and drowns without Jones’ help. Jones witnessed the entire incident and could have stopped it, instead he allowed the tragedy to happen. Rachels concludes that killing and allowing to die, or active and passive euthanasia, are equal. They have the same intention. Rachels sums up his last argument by pointing out the major flaw of the AMA’s position on euthanasia. Even if taking away treatment seems helpful to the patient, the end result is still death. The same occurs for active euthanasia. Rachels concludes that passive euthanasia is just as moral as active euthanasia. Therefore, active euthanasia must be allowed if passive is also allowed. Brock’s article discusses the morality of voluntary active euthanasia. Brock knows that voluntary active euthanasia has its disadvantages, b ut that the advantages are much greater. He has four main benefits for making voluntary active euthanasia legal. The first benefit involves self-determination. He believes that everyone should have control over their health, body and life. Legalizing VAE would show respect toShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Is Morally Permissible?850 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia, as defined by many philosophers, should only be morally permissible in certain circumstances where it benefits the one who dies. It is a widely held belief that an act of euthanasia aims at benefiting the one who dies. Using Kantian ethics as a model, one can determine that: It is morally permissible to engage in voluntary acts of euthanasia; it is morally permissible to engage in acts of nonvoluntary euthanasia, and; it is never morally permissible to engage in acts of involuntary euthanasiaRead MoreThe Argument Of Active And Passive Euthanasia1240 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Applied Ethics Professor Cobb Project # 3 This essay will aim to focus on the arguments that author, James Rachel’s presents in his article, Active and Passive Euthanasia,† In his article Rachel’s argues that both passive and active euthanasia are morally permissible and the doctors that is supported by the American Medical Association(AMA) is believed to be unsound. In this paper I will offer a thorough analysis of Rachel’s essay then so offer a critique in opposition of his argumentsRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia By James Rachels1086 Words   |  5 PagesPanther ID: 3339147 Active Euthanasia Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable? Explain his view and respond to it. In this essay, we are going to analyze the main ideas included in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† by James Rachels to provide a response to the following question: Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptableRead MoreEuthanasi Active And Passive Euthanasia1562 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia, also known as voluntary or assisted suicide, is used for terminally ill patients to end their lives instead of undergoing painful treatments and torment of waiting for death. There are, however, two different ways in which A can bring about B’s death. In this essay I will present the distinction between active and passive euthanasia as explained by James Rachels in his article called â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia†. I will also debate whether euthanasia is justified or not by presentingRead MoreIs there a morally important difference between killing someone and l etting someone die?697 Words   |  3 PagesIn this essay I will provide differing philosophical perspectives on the matter before offering my own opinion. There are a number of different terms applied to the concepts of killing someone and letting someone die. Typically, these are: active and passive euthanasia and voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Active euthanasia, sometimes referred to as ‘positive’ euthanasia, involves a deliberate act, such as lethal injection, that brings about death to a person. On the other hand, passive or ‘negative’Read MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Argumentative Essay 1 November 2015 Word Count - 1488 Mercy or No Mercy Soul is immortal. But body is mortal. In life there could be multiple problems. Some problems could be life threatening. There are some stages in life where one has to make decisions. Imagine you are in a place where you lost all your vital abilities and you have to spend your entire life like that. Your family and friend are in pain too just like you are in pain. What would you do? Euthanasia is and act where a personRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1000 Words   |  4 Pagesanswer these two questions in this essay. They are â€Å"Do you think that the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three typesRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1008 Words   |  5 Pagesanswer these two questions in this essay. They are â€Å"Do you think that the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three typesRead MorePersuasive Essay Pro Euthanasia954 Words   |  4 PagesGrace (JiEun) Lee AP Language and composition Persuasive essay 6 October 2017 Euthanasia legalization The ultimate value of life depends upon awareness and the power of contemplation rather than upon mere survival. Aristotle Being one of the most fervid and controversial topic of all, euthanasia, also known as physician-assisted suicide, has initiated a very sensitive discussion on life and death under one’s ability to choose either side. Euthanasia is defined as a â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permittingRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Killing And Letting Die1401 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay # 1: Killing and Letting Die According to James Rachels in his highly acclaimed article The End of Life, Rachels argues that killing and letting die are morally equivalent. My objective within this essay is to highlight and illuminate Rachel’s key points within the The End of Life, which leads him to this particular conclusion. While doing so I will highlight the main objection to Rachels argument, and illuminate my own objections to further prove that Rachels position is

Workplace Law Employment Contract or Relationship

Question: Discuss about the Workplace Law for Employment Contract or Relationship. Answer: Introduction The major issue arising in this case study is the type of employment contract or relationship is in place. That is, whether the contracted engagement is one of a contract of service or a contract for services. The answer to this question will ascertain whether the worker is an employee or an independent contractor. Additionally, based on the facts provided, it is also important to discuss the possibility of the existence of a sham arrangement among the parties involved. This constitutes the second legal issue that the paper will seek to analyse. Furthermore, the analysis is incomplete without an examination of the contractual obligations of employers as provided by law. This discussion will dwell specifically on the obligations with regard sick and carer leaves, injury, taxation and superannuation payments and finally termination of employment. An analysis of the available remedies to aggrieved parties, should a breach of either obligation arise, will also be provided. Employment Relationships A contract of service establishes an employee and employer relationship while a contract for services creates that of a client and an independent contractor (Marshall, 2006). The essence of the rights and obligations owed in a contract of work for pay is dependent on whether the contract is of services or for services (Marshall, 2006). However, courts, relevant parties and administrative bodies have faced great difficulty over the years in identifying the nature of contractual relationships based on these simple statements (Hopgood Ganim, 2011). For an identification and distinction of employment relationships, legislation has greatly relied on common law (Workplace Law Lecture 2, n.d.). As no single test is conclusive, various tests have been established with the aim of providing a criterion against which relationships are tested to determine employment (Hopgood Gamin, 2011). These tests include; the control test, the organisation test, the multi-indicia test, and the economic reali ty test. The focus of this paper, however, will be the control test and the multi-indicia test. Tests for Employment Historically, the control test was considered as the most effective test for employment relationships (Hopgood Gamin, 2011). The significant elements under this test were the degree of control and the actual exercise of control (Marshall, 2006). These went hand in hand with the questions regarding the activity to be performed, the place of performance and the time it was performed (Marshall, 2006). McCardie J established the test in Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell Booker Ltd (1924), where he stated that the nature and degree of control exercised on an alleged servant determined whether they were an employee or an independent contractor. This point was reiterated in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v J Walter Thompson (Australia) Pty Ltd (1944) where Latham CJ stated that if a skilled worker was subjected to extensive control with regard to how they perform their duties then they qualified to be employees. Over time, the control test surpassed its usefulness based on the fact that in some cases the skill of the employee exceeded that of the employer thus reducing the level of control applied (Marshall, 2006). Courts then adopted the multi-indicia or multi-factor test which considers various factors, including control, in establishing employment relationships (Fair Work Building Construction, 2013). The test was outlined in Stevens v Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) where the High Court established that although the control test was significant it was no longer a sufficient and factors such as the mode of payment, working hours, tax deductions, delegation of duties among others also had to be considered (Sewerynski, 2003). In Ace Insurance Ltd v Trifunovski (2011), the courts determined that agents, previously thought to be independent contractors, were employees based on the mode of payment, training and assignment of duties by the host company (Wood Groch, 2013). Labour Hire Workers Workers who are employed by a labour agency, that later contracts them to work for another company, are known as labour-hire workers (Workplace OHS, n.d.). Labour hire workers are entitled to the relevant modern awards as well as National Employment Standards (NES) regardless of the standing arrangements at the host company and it is the duty of the labour hire organisation to ensure that they receive these entitlements (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2013). According to ATO (2016), labour hire businesses are also obligated to withhold tax and make superannuation payments for their employees. The host organisation has no obligation to the employees in this regard. However, the Work Health and Safety Act 2011, imposes on both the host company and the agency a duty to ensure the working environment is safe and well maintained. In Drake Personnel Limited v WorkCover Authority of New South Wales (1999), it was held that in as much as the host company owes a duty to the employee, the labour hire ag ency has an obligation to ensure that the premises are safe for their employee (Employee Relations the International Journal, 2006) Sham Contracting Arrangements A sham contracting arrangement is created when an employer, in order to avoid certain obligations, purports to pass off an employer-employee relationship as a contract for service (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2013). An example would be where the employee is required to have an ABN and submit invoices and a contractor agreement is relied on to make the working relationship appear legitimate (Emery Associates, n.d.). The Fair Work Act 2009 prohibits employers from; claiming an employee is an independent employer, misleading the employee to convince them to become an independent contractor, terminating employment for reluctance to become an independent contractor and also terminating employment to rehire a worker as an independent contractor. According to Wheelright (2004), Damevski v Guidice (2003), is a case that illustrates how shrewd and knowledgeable employers can take advantage of the contrast in common law between employees and independent contractors to their workers disadvantage. In Re Porter; ex parte Transport Workers Union of Australia (1989), Gray J stated that parties could not make something resembling a rooster and purport to masquerade it as a duck. All in all, sham arrangements are illegal under Australian law. The Case Study The determination of Marions employment relationship is not a straightforward one. This is because there are three parties involved in the contract for labour. Marion was first hired by Technicalities Ltd, which later contracted with Innovative Storage for Marions services. This three-party arrangement brings about the concept of labour hire employees. It is stated that Marion worked for other companies when she could and also registered an Australian Business Number as per Technicalities requirements. These facts provide characteristics that are normally unique to independent contractors. However, having an ABN number among other specifications does not automatically make one an independent contractor (Hills, 2015). It is important to test Marions circumstances under various factors to determine her employment relationship. In the case study, it is seen that Marion took her daily work instructions from Innovative Storage. The company informed her of when her working hours were, what she would be doing and with whom she would be working. This allocation of duties and supervision constitutes a degree of control that under Federal Commissioner of Taxation v J Walter Thompson would be said to prove employment. Marion also received training from IS in an account system once a week; in Ace Insurance Ltd v Trifunovski this would be a factor distinguishing as an employee. Marion did not use her own equipment, she wore the IS uniform while at work and fell down the stairs while carrying IS office equipment. Marion also had an ongoing expectation to work, that is she had not been contracted for a specific task at a specific time. All these factors serve to prove that Marion was indeed an employee. As it has been established that Marion was an employee based on a multi-indicia test, the next issue to determine is who her employee was. As per the facts, Marion received her remuneration from Technicalities who paid her at a flat hourly rate. This would automatically, under normal circumstances, make Technicalities her employer. However, Marion did not take her instructions from Technicalities but rather received them from Innovative Storage who also determined her hours. In FP Group Pty Limited v Tooheys Pty Limited (2013), the Full Bench of the Fair Work Commission stated that under labour hire agreements, the labour hire organisations assumed the role of employer regardless of the degree of control exercised by the host company (Hall Gallop, 2015). With this in mind, it is clear that Technicalities Ltd was Marions employer. At this juncture, it is essential to consider the issue of sham contracting arrangements. Technicalities Ltd. had requested Marion to register an Australian Business Number so as to be able to receive her pay. This statement can be said to be a misrepresentation that led Marion to enter into without her knowledge. This misrepresentation allowed Technicalities Ltd to avoid responsibilities such as paying superannuation and taxes on Marions behalf. She was also not paid sick as well as carer leave and her medical expenses after her injury at Innovative Storages premises were reimbursed by the host company. Therefore it is evident that Technicalities Ltd was in breach of various NES requirements as an employee with regard to Marions entitlements. It is also their contractual obligation, together with the host company, to ensure that the workplace is safe for Marion and compensate her for any injuries suffered. In conclusion, therefore, Marion was an employee of Technicalities Ltd who owed her a contractual duty of care to ensure her safety, withhold her taxes, make her superannuation payments and allow her paid sick and carer leave. References Cases: Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell Booker Ltd (1924) 1 KB 762 Federal Commissioner of Taxation v J Walter Thompson (Australia) Pty Ltd [1944] HCA 23 Stevens v Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd [1986] HCA 1 Ace Insurance Ltd v Trifunovski [2011] FCA 1204 Drake Personnel Limited v WorkCover Authority of New South Wales (1999) 90 IR432 Damevski v Guidice [2003] FCAFC 252 Re Porter; ex parte Transport Workers Union of Australia (1989) 34 IR 179 FP Group Pty Limited v Tooheys Pty Limited [2013] FWCFB 9605 Sources: Australian Taxation Office. (2015). Super for Employers. Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Super-for-employers/# Australian Taxation Office. (2016). PAYG Withholding and Labour-hire Firms. Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/business/PAYG-withholding/in-detail/labour-hire/PAYG-withholding-and-labour-hire-firms/ Emerald Group Publishing. (2006). Health and Safety at Work and its Relevance to Employment Relations Research. Employee Relations the International Journal, 28(3). Fair Work Building Construction. (2013). Employee or Independent Contractor? Retrieved from https://www.fwbc.gov.au/sites/g/files/net666/f/Employee%20or%20Independent%20contractor_0.pdf Fair Work Ombudsman. (2013). Understanding On-hire Employee Services: A Guide for On-hire Businesses and Host Organisations. Retrieved from www.fairwork.gov.au Hills, S. (2015). Independent Contractor, Labour-hire Worker or Employee?. Wine Viticulture Journal, November/December. Retrieved from https://www.winesa.asn.au/_r4569/media/system/attrib/file/992/Independent%20contractor,%20labour%20hire%20worker%20or%20employee.pdf Hopgood Ganim Lawyers. (2011). Contractors v Employees: The Differences and Why it Matters. Retrieved from https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/125432/Contractors+v+Employees+The+differences+and+why+it+matters+Part+3 Marshall, B. (2006). Working it Out- Employee or Independent Contractor?. The National Legal Eagle, 12(2), 14-19. Retrieved from https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1102context=nle. Murdoch University. Workplace Law Lecture 2 slides. RP Emery Associates. (n.d.). Sham Contracting- The Facts You Need to Know. Retrieved from https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5706/sham-contracting--the-facts-you-need-to-know.aspx. Sewerynski, M. (2003). Collective Agreements and Individual Contracts of Employment. Kluwer Law International. Snedden Hall Gallop Lawyers. (2015). Labour Hire Workers- Who is the Employer?. Retrieved from https://www.shglawyers.com.au/news/legal-news/article/?id=labour-hire-workers-who-is-the-employer. Wheelright, K. (2004). Roosters, Ducks and Labour-hire Arrangements: Damevski v Guidice (2003) 202 ALR 494 (FCA Full Court). Southern Cross University Law Review, 8, 190-200. Retrieved from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/SCULawRw/2004/8.pdf. Wood, A., Goch, D. (2013). The Differences Between Employee and Contractor. Retrieved from https://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/News-Media/Charter/Charter-articles/Business-management/2013-03-The-differences-between-employee-and-contractor.aspx. Workplace OHS. (n.d.). Labour-hire Workers. Retrieved from https://workplaceohs.com.au/responsibilities/contractors/labour-hire-workers.

Tipical Teenager Essay Research Paper Typical TeenagerMeg free essay sample

Tipical Teenager Essay, Research Paper Typical Adolescent Meg is a typical adolescent who makes many alterations in the class of Madeleine L Engle s, A Wrinkle in Time. At first she is insecure, angry, impatient, dependent, and has a deficiency of assurance despite her considerable abilities. As she matures, she learns a great trade about her supposed failings that subsequently become strengths and assist her to go more autonomous and responsible for her ain jobs. Meg uses her restlessness, deficiency of regard for authorization, and choler to assist her battle and turn throughout the narrative. These mistakes help her happen her interior strengths and go more autonomous, and willing to cover with her ain jobs. From the beginning, Meg is a slightly dependent individual. She neer wants to confront a state of affairs by herself ; she needs to hold person at that place keeping her manus and walking her through her problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Tipical Teenager Essay Research Paper Typical TeenagerMeg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For illustration, when she is foremost brought to see the black thing and has to be tessered at that place, She was wholly entirely. She had lost the protection of Calvin s manus. Charles was nowhere, either to salvage or turn to ( 50 ) . She ever needs person to keep her manus and comfort her whenever problem arrives, or when she is scared of what is traveling on. I think these are the Acts of the Apostless of a typical adolescent who is non ready for the universe, but thinks they are until they are faced with world. Interrupting off from this demand for security from her brother, male parent and Calvin is a difficult conflict to get the better of, but shortly Meg learns that her alleged mistake of restlessness helps her to travel frontward and be more independent. One clip, when they are on their manner to the Central Intelligence edifice and Calvin and Charles want to do Michigans along the manner, Meg says Come on. Meg pulled at them. How many times was it she had urged them on? Let s travel find Father. ( 101 ) . Meg uses this restlessness to force the others frontward in this journey, now going the leader of the hunt, non waiting to see what the others wanted to make. She is determined to happen her male parent with or without the others. Out of this restlessness and finding grows an independent Meg ready to contend entirely if need be. That is the instance when she realizes that she is the lone 1 who can return to Camazotz to contend IT in the conflict to salvage her brother. She is now ready to stand on her ain, without looking for person else to work out the job. She will make it herself! Meg s choler and obstinacy besides play a large portion in her growing from get downing to stop of the novel. Once once more, merely like most adolescents, she thinks she knows everything and doesn Ts need aid from anyone. She is in changeless struggle with Mr. Jenkins, the school rule, demoing she will non endorse down from anyo Ne. Mr. Jenkins, you ve run into my female parent, haven t you? You can t accuse her of non confronting facts, can you? She s a scientist. She has physician s grades in both biological science and bacteriology. Her concern is facts. When she tells me that my male parent is coming home, so I ll believe that. ( 23 ) Meg has her ain position of the universe, and nil will alter that, no affair what is traveling on in her life. This really attitude plays a cardinal function in her being the lone one able to contend IT at the terminal of the narrative. IT s whole power is drawn from people purchasing into his manner of life, everyone being equal merely when everyone is making the same thing, and everyone holding the exact same ends in their life. It demands that everyone be likewise. There were two statements Meg utilizations in her battle with IT, Possibly if you aren t unhappy sometimes you don t cognize how to be happy, and Like and equal are non the same thing at all! Her obstinate ways will non allow her purchase into the beliefs of IT, and this allows her to be able to liberate her head of his clasp. Finally, Meg s choler helps her develop into a more autonomous individual willing to cover with her ain jobs. Meg s choler is a large portion of her character throughout the class of the novel. This really anger gets her in a batch of problem, yet ends up being one of the qualities that helps her trade with her jobs. Meg uses her choler to drive away things she is afraid of or does non understand. For illustration, when Meg is speaking with Aunt Beast she explains about being afraid, I m less afraid when I m angry. Through this choler come strength and the assurance that she is able to make anything ; she is able to cover with her jobs by herself. This choler besides helps her figure out what she has that IT does non hold in the concluding conflict. She becomes angry to derive that strength, but she realizes that IT has anger and can derive strength from his choler excessively, but IT does non hold love. Meg s love for her brother is what IT can non double or copy. Merely through her choler is this discovered, and with that, strength comes to a more autonomous Meg. Meg is no different so any other adolescent. She learns that the things that one time held her back in life ; her choler, restlessness, and obstinacy can besides be good qualities to hold. These really qualities are what make her an person that no 1 can double ; she is person particular. These failings, in the terminal, turn out to be strengths in her battle against IT. They happen to be really powerful traits as she uses her obstinacy to non purchase into IT s manner of life. These traits help her figure out that love is the key in the conflict for her brother and male parent. This procedure of alteration is something all adolescents go through at some clip in their lives.

Natural Language - Definition and Examples

Natural Language s A natural language is a human language, such as English or Standard Mandarin, as opposed to a  constructed language, an artificial language, a machine language, or the language of formal logic. Also called  ordinary language. The theory of universal grammar proposes that all natural languages have certain underlying rules that shape and limit the structure of the specific grammar for any given language.Natural language processing (also known as computational linguistics) is the scientific study of language from a computational perspective, with a focus on the interactions between natural (human) languages and computers. Observations The term natural language is used in opposition to the terms formal language and artificial language, but the important difference is that natural languages are not actually constructed as artificial languages and they do not actually appear as formal languages. But they are considered and studied as though they were formal languages in principle. Behind the complex and the seemingly chaotic surface of natural languages there areaccording to this way of thinkingrules and principles that determine their constitution and functions. . . .(Sà ¶ren Stenlund, Language and Philosophical Problems. Routledge, 1990)Essential Concepts- All languages are systematic. They are governed by a set of interrelated systems that include phonology, graphics (usually), morphology, syntax, lexicon, and semantics.- All natural languages are conventional and arbitrary. They obey rules, such as assigning a particular word to a particular thing or concept. But there is no reason that this particular word was originally assigned to this particular thing or concept.- All natural languages are redundant, meaning that the information in a sentence is signaled in more than one way.- All natural languages change. There are various ways a language can change and various reasons for this change.(C. M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2011) Creativity and EfficiencyThe apparent fact that the number of utterances in  a natural language is  unbounded is one of its more widely remarked upon properties and a core tenet of modern linguistic theory. The classic argument for creativity uses the idea that one can continually add further adjuncts to sentences to establish that there can be no longest sentence and therefore no finite number of sentences (see Chomsky, 1957). . . .This conventional argument for the creativity of natural language is overly strained: who has actually heard a 500-word sentence? In contrast, anyone who studies [natural language] generation has available a far more reasonable and commonsense account of creativity, namely that one continually uses new utterances because one is continually faced with new situations . . .. The counterbalance to creativity is the efficiency of language (Barwise Perry, 1983): the fact that many utterances do reoccur countless times (e.g., Where did you go for dinner las t night?).(David D. McDonald, et al., Factors Contributing to Efficiency in Natural Language Generation.  Natural Language Generation, ed. by  Gerard Kempen. Kluwer, 1987) Natural ImprecisionNatural language is the embodiment of human cognition and human intelligence. It is very evident that natural language includes an abundance of vague and indefinite phrases and statements that correspond to imprecision in the underlying cognitive concepts. Terms such as tall, short, hot, and well are extremely difficult to translate into knowledge representation, as required for the reasoning systems under discussion. Without such precision, symbolic manipulation within the computer is bleak, to say the least. However, without the richness of meaning inherent in such phrases, human communication would be severely limited, and it is therefore incumbent on us (to attempt) to include such facility within reasoning systems . . ..(Jay Friedenberg and Gordon Silverman, Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind. SAGE, 2006) See also CommunicationWhat Is Language?

6 Tips to Liven Up Your Lectures

6 Tips to Liven Up Your Lectures Many graduate students find themselves at the head of the classroom, first as teaching assistants and later as instructors. However, graduate study often doesn’t teach students how to teach, and not all grad student instructors first serve as TAs. Instead, most graduate students find themselves instructing a college class with little to no teaching experience. When faced with the challenge of teaching despite little experience, most grad students turn to the techniques they have experienced as students. The lecture method is a common teaching tool. A poor lecture is painful for both students and the instructor. Lecturing is a traditional method of instruction, perhaps the oldest form of instruction. It has its detractors who argue that it is a passive means of education. However, the lecture is not always passive. A good lecture is not simply a list of facts or a reading of the textbook. An effective lecture is the result of planning and making a series of choices - and it need not be boring. 1.  Dont Cover It All Exert restraint in planning each class session. You will not be able to cover all of the material in the text and assigned readings. Accept that. Base your lecture on the most important material in the reading assignment, a topic from the reading that students are likely to find difficult, or material that doesnt appear in the text. Explain to students that you wont repeat much of the material in the assigned readings, and their job is to read carefully and critically, identifying and bringing questions about the readings to class. 2.  Make Choices Your lecture should present no more than three or four major issues, with time for examples and questions. Anything more than a few points and your students will be overwhelmed. Determine the critical message of your lecture and then remove the adornments. Present the bare bones in a succinct story. Students will absorb the salient points easily if they are few in number, clear, and coupled with examples. 3.  Present in Small Chunks Break up your lectures so that they are presented in 20-minute chunks. Whats wrong with a 1- or 2-hour lecture? Research shows that students remember the first and the last ten minutes of lectures, but little of the intervening time. Undergraduate students have a limited attention span - so take advantage of it to structure your class. Switch gears after each 20-minute mini-lecture and do something different. For example, pose a discussion question, a short in-class writing assignment, a small group discussion, or problem-solving activity. 4.  Encourage Active Processing Learning is a constructive process. Students must think about the material, make connections, relate new knowledge to what is already known, and apply knowledge to new situations. Only by working with information do we learn it. Effective instructors use active learning techniques in the classroom. Active learning is a student-centered instruction that forces students to manipulate the material to solve problems, answer questions, examine cases, discuss, explain, debate, brainstorm, and formulate questions of their own. Students tend to prefer active learning techniques because they are engaging and fun. 5.  Pose Reflective Questions The simplest way of using active learning techniques in the classroom is to ask reflective questions. These are not yes or no questions, but those that require students to think. For example, â€Å"What would you do in this particular situation? How would you approach solving this problem?† Reflective questions are difficult and will require time to think, so be prepared to wait for an answer. Endure the silence. 6.  Get Them Writing Rather than simply pose a discussion question, ask students to write about the question first for three to five minutes, then solicit their responses. The benefit of asking students to consider the question in writing is that they will have time to think through their response and feel more comfortable discussing their views without fear of forgetting their point. Asking students to work with the course content and determine how it fits with their experiences enables them to learn in their own way, making the material personally meaningful, which is at the heart of active learning. In addition to the educational  benefits, breaking up a lecture and interspersing it with discussion and active learning takes the pressure off of you as the instructor. An hour and 15 minutes, or even 50 minutes, is a long time to talk. Its also a long time to listen.  Try these techniques and vary your strategies to make it easier on everyone and increase your likelihood of success in the classroom.

Lost in Translation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lost in Translation - Essay Example Even though globalization has enabled many individuals to have a culture that they can lean back on as depicted in "Globalization" by Maria Jerskey, there are thousands and thousands of individuals who are caught in between foreign cultures or are surrounded by languages that they can neither comprehend nor understand. Therefore, despite the fact that globalization has brought communities together as shown in "Globalization" by Maria Jerskey, it has also brought identity, cultural, language, and ethical challenges as depicted in  "Lost in Translation" Eva Hoffman. The term identity simply refers to who a person is. This term is however paradoxical in the sense that it can be used to refer to ‘sameness’ (what individuals from different groups have in common) and ‘uniqueness’ (the inimitable and distinct traits of individuals). Identity in Lost in Translation can be taken as being central. The problems faced by Hoffman are much more than merely linguistic ones (Ueda para. 2) since define her identity and self-definition. Globalization has enabled the relationship between an individual’s innate identity, enacted identity and language. In â€Å"Lost in Translation,† Hoffman loses the concept of her individuality through her inability to express herself in a new environment. For instance, she says that she becoming a very serious and stern person thereby ignoring the wit and irony available around her even though the irony is all around her. Although globalization has enabled Eva to interact with individuals from a new culture, it has created an identity challenge. Eva argues that she lives in a society whereby nobody gives her identity and therefore on has to re-invent herself each day (Hoffman160). Furthermore, Hoffman identifies that the frame of culture in America is stronger and thus it holds the individual personality more firmly as compared to her home country. This too confirms the complex relationship between

Jominy Hardenability test Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jominy Hardenability test - Lab Report Example During testing, water was sprayed on one side of the steel bar when still hot so as to enhance a one-dimensional transfer of heat during cooling. Moving away from the end that was quenched made the temperature rate of change to be altered. The rate of cooling is observed being low as the temperature increases. When the hardness of the surface is measured as a distance function from the end, a profile of hardness was obtained. This profile can be applied to any specimen that is made from steel (Callister 4). Hardenability is, therefore different from hardness as hardness refers to a measure of the extent of resistance for a solid matter towards different types of permanent shapes whenever some amount of force is applied to the solid matter. The macroscopic hardness is hardness with intermolecular bonds that are strong. It occurs whenever the character of the solid matter under force appears to be complex. In this respect, there are a variety hardness measurements. These include indent ation hardness, scratch hardness, and rebound hardness (Bain 3).Comparing the experimental and published hardenability values, it is evidenced that the two pairs of curves are similar to each other. The curves have a similar gradient with just a few differences. These differences were brought about due to experimental errors. Some of the experimental errors came about due to air resistance, parallax, the heterogeneous trait of the calibration plate, faultiness of the Rockwell scale, and wrong calculation.... As widely cited, Hardenability is measured using the measurements of length. It serves the purpose of indicating how deep inside a material of given hardness can be obtained. This is one such vital property in welding and it is inversely proportional to the weldability of a material. This property can be demonstrated in a case where whenever a work piece that is made of steel is quenched; the contact area having water is suddenly cooled and it is often evened out of the given medium. On the contrary, the internal depth of the medium, fails to cool in a rapid in a rapid way and the work pieces inside, cool at a slow rate allowing the austenite to change into a structure besides martensite. The main effect is that the resulting component would be a work piece with different crystal structures, having a hard shell and a core considered being soft and hard for the entire structure. In this case, the softer core is a combination of cementite and ferrite such as the pearlite. In ferrous al loys such as steel, hardenability is a component of the carbon content and other different elements of the alloy. The other alloying elements have relatively important including the calculation using the equivalent material’s carbon content. In quenching, the fluid used facilitates the rate of cooling for the materials as a result of the changing thermal conductivity and specific heat. Components such as water and brine that have the ability to cool faster than oil and air (Callister 9). Apart from this, whenever a fluids are agitated, their rate of cooling is fast. In other cases, the part geometry influences the rate of cooling rate for two samples having different volumes. This means that the material

The rise of Single Parenthood in Contemporary Britain Essay Example for Free

The rise of Single Parenthood in Contemporary Britain Essay Sociology has given us insights into our understanding of the rise in single parenthood in Contemporary Britain. Single-parent families have become increasingly common in Britain. According to government statistics, in 1961, 2 per cent of the population lived in households consisting of a lone parent with dependent children, but by 1998 this had more than tripled to 7 per cent.  According to Hantrais and Letablier (1996), Britain has the second highest rate of lone parenthood in Europe, and is exceeded only by Denmark, and rates in countries such as France, Greece and Portugal are much lower than those of Britain are. Children may start their life living in a single-parent family. However, the single parent may well find a new partner and marry them or cohabit with them. The child will then end up living with two parents.  It should also be noted that many children who live in a single-parent household do see and spend time with their other parent. Further more even in two-parent families, one parent (usually the mother) might be responsible for the vast majority of the childcare. There are many reasons why lone parenthood can come about. People who are married can become lone parents by divorce, separation or death of a spouse. Lone parents who have never been married may have been living with the parent of the child when the child was born, but they subsequently stopped living together. They may not have been living with the parent of the child when they were born. Official statistics give some indication of the frequency of the different paths to lone-parenthood, but do not provide a complete picture. Official figures for Britain shows that the largest proportion of female lone parents in 1995-7 were single, with about a third being divorced and just under a quarter separated. The figures for those who were single do not differentiate between those who were cohabiting when the child was conceived and those who were not. These proportions have changed over time. Clearly the rise in lone motherhood is closely related to increases in the divorce rate and tot he increase in births outside marriage. The increase in single lone mothers may partly result from a reduction in the number of shotgun weddings. Marriages that resulted from pregnancy were often unstable and could end up in producing lone motherhood through an eventual divorce or separation. Now, the partners may chose to cohabit rather than marry and, if their relationship breaks up, they end up appearing in the statistics as a single, never married, parent. The absence of cohabitation does not necessarily imply that the parents do not have a close relationship some writers see the rise of single parenthood as a symptom of increased tolerance of diverse family forms.  There are a number of reasons for supposing that the welfare state is not responsible for the increases. Some commentators dont believe that lone parenthood gives advantages to those seeking local authority housing. In 1993 John Perry, policy director of the Institute of Housing, said Ive not been able to find a single housing authority which discriminates in favour of single parents over couples with children. The homeless get priority, but there is no suggestion that a homeless single parent gets priority over a homeless couple. Single parents who are reliant upon benefits tend to live in poor housing conditions and to have low standards of living. There is little material incentive to become a single parent. There is evidence that a large majority of single parents do not wish to be reliant on state benefits. They would prefer to work for a living but find it impractical to do so. Single parenthood has increasingly become a contentious issue, with some arguing that it has become a serious problem for society.  A vast majority of the population would still agree, I think, that the normal family is an influence for good in society and that one-parent families are bad news. Since not many single parents can both earn a living and give children the love and care they need, society has to support them; the children suffer through lacking of one parent While most commentators agree that single parenthood can create problems for individual parents, many sociologists do not see it a s a social problem, and some see that it is a sign of social progress.  Some view the mother only family as an indicator of social disorganisation, signalling the demise of the family. Others regard it as an alternative family form consistent with the emerging economic independence of women. More controversial that the low average living standard of lone parents is the question of the psychological and social effects on children raised in such families. Findings of a number of American studies, which seem to indicate that children are harmed by single parenthood. These studies have claimed that such children have lower earnings and experience more poverty as adults; children of mother-only families are more likely to become lone parents themselves; and they are more likely to become delinquent and engaged in drug abuse. The findings of such studies must be treated with caution. In a review of research in lone parenthood, Louise Burghess notes that some research in the relationship between educational attainment and divorce suggests that children in families where the parents divorce start to do more poorly in education before the divorce takes place.  David Morgan does believe that the evidence suggests that the children of single parents fare less well than those from two-parent households. He qualifies this by saying that we still do not know enough about what causes these differences; as with the effects of financial hardship, the children would be affected by the stigma attached to coming from a single-parent family.  It is very difficult to disentangle the direct and indirect effects on children of being brought up in a single-parent household and therefore dangerous to make generalisations about such effects.

The Healing Power of Reiki Essay -- Religion, Spirituality

Reiki is a Japan based healing secret that is rapidly recognized worldwide. In early 1900s, Mikao Usui discovered the surreptitious of reiki while he was isolating himself at Mount Kurama in Japan. Afterwards, the healing art of reiki has been scattered over the world as the reiki practitioners are escalating abruptly. In fact, numerous cultures all over the world believe that there are concealed energy flows through all creatures that are connected to the quality of life ever since ancient times. Reiki utilizes specific technique for rejuvenating and balancing the natural life force energy within the body. Reiki symbols have specific frequency that specialize certain condition to sanction the flow of energy throughout the body. The colour and shape of each symbol signify the frequency and amplitude of the energy. The healing power of reiki can be verified by the existence of first degree of reiki and second degree of reiki as well as enhancing the results of medical therapy. In the beginning, the Reiki practitioner must learn and master the first degree of Reiki or the first stage of Reiki. First degree of Reiki enables poise energy for healing one’s self, others, plants and animal. According to Jentoft (2000), first degree Reiki is activated by the intention that is you intend or spiritually command it to run. This has become feasible after the practitioner receives reiju also known as denju or instigation. In other words, reiju is the part where the practitioner is assisted to the Reiki energy. The practitioner will be taught various hand positions and methods for administering Reiki on the self and others. These hand positions and methods are crucial in order for the practitioners to heal themselves and others. Barrett (n.d... ...energy. We hope this kind of medication will develope more and be well-known to others as a trusted kind of therapy to heal and augment our physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual components. Works Cited Barrett, S.(n.d). Reiki Is Nonsense. Retrieved 2011, December 8 from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/reiki.html. Cougar, P.(n.d). The Usui System of natural healing. Retrieved 2011, December 8 from http://www.dpierce.com/pat/. Herron, D.(n.d). The Reiki Attunement process. Retrieved 2011, December 8 from http://reiki.7gen.com. International Center for Reiki Training Web site, (n.d). Experiencing Reiki. Retrieved 2011, December 8 from http://www.reiki.org/. Jentoft, P.L.(2000). Usui Reiki contemporary and traditional methods level one manual. Retrieved 2011, December 8 from http://pjentoft.com/Reikione-manual.html.

A Day of Many Events

The day I was born, April 28, 1982 was a day of love, business and learning. While the (insert surname) family is happily waiting for the love child of (name of your parents), series of events was also happening. It was a day filled with many activities and a day of expectations. In Federal Agencies, reports were made from the Education Week about the public hearings on bilingual education. This happened on the day I was born, April 28, 1982, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., in the El Fauno Room of the Condado Beach Hotel, San Juan, Puerto Rico (Education Week). Meanwhile, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration released reports involving the astronauts Robert L. Gibson and Rhea Seddon about the good news of expecting the birth of their first child. It was indeed a much anticipated moment for the couple to have a baby of their own (Lawrence). World Bank History also made one historical event on the day I was born. The IFC (International Finance Corp.) and IDA (International Development Association) Articles of Agreement were signed by Saint Lucia, a Caribbean island nation. The small country became IFC’s 122nd member and IDA’s 130th member. It was a huge leap towards developing funds for the world (World Bank). Clearly, on the day when my mother gave birth to me, there were many events that occurred in history. It was a day of hope for the education system when public hearings were conducted for the proposed Bilingual Education System. It was also a day of happiness and expectation for an astronaut couple. It was also an important day in the history of World Bank, when Saint Lucia joined IFC and IDA. Meanwhile, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, my parents were happily expecting a special gift—they were excited to see one bouncing baby who will add happiness to our family. Indeed, April 28, 1982 was a day of hope, excitement, and fulfillment for my family and for the world. Works Cited Name of your mother, Personal Interview. 2 April 2008. â€Å"This Week in World Bank History: April 28 – May 4† 2008.† The World Bank Archives. Worldbank. April 2008    â€Å"In Federal Agencies.† Education Week. Edweek. 28 April 1982. 5 April 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lawrence, John. â€Å"Expectant Astronauts.† 1981-1983 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) News. NASA. 28 April 1982. 5 April 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Notes For Religion Exam

Theory essay and pop culture essay. Underline and circle key terms Islam, Post cool, psychoanalytical theory Chinese, Islam, indigenous, Hinduism, Janis, Buddhism 6 study questions Chinese Religion Question 3 -? How would you characterize Confucianism treatment of women? – Women had a critical, albeit indirect and informal role to play in government. Stores told illustrate the influence that a woman could exercise through intelligence and wisdom.Their role is important but lesser than the man. Bed ritual Islam Religion Question 3 – What is the Curran? How is it understood in the Muslim tradition? – The Curran was revealed to the prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years. The angel Gabriel appeared to him and gave him the verses that became the Curran. It is the word of god and is not translated, but always read in Arabic. Indigenous Religion Question 3 -? Many indigenous religions have understood religious power in gendered terms.How are these gender divisions r eflected n the traditions you have read about in this chapter? – Women are generally higher than men in indigenous religions. In Melanesia, men are very suspicious of women and perform odd rituals in order to have menstrual equality. Hinduism Religion Question 3 – What role do sacred texts play in Hinduism? They play a significant role in the religion. The Veda is the most authoritative text. Many of the ideas in this book helped establish Hinduism. The Veda is not kept in homes and its ideas are handed down from enervation to generation.Janis Religion Question 3 -? What are the main reasons believed to be responsible for the Asseverate and Digamma splitting? Occurred after the death of Mayfair Discrepancy over ascetic practice, women, and nature of the Jinn Separation – culture reform Buddhism Religion Question 3 – What role if any do deities play in Buddhism? Do not play a major role Many deities in the religion that represent certain ideals, but Buddha preached to let go of the idea of a God in order to achieve NirvanaCritical Race Theory – Racialism (Belief in racial superiority), racism (Power relations that grow from segregation), Hegemony (white dominance of America), intra-racial racism (racism within black community, and Internalized racism.

How to Cite an Article in MLA Format Correctly

How to Cite an Article in MLA Format Correctly Citing an article MLA is obligatory if you want to submit the original academic paper. People, who tend to know how to cite an article MLA, may find it useful to check the meaning of MLA. This is special formatting and quotations style. Various modern writers, college students and famous experts who perform writing papers and organize mentioned sources use it. It concerns mostly works in humanitarian and liberal arts fields. MLA allows writing down every source of information with details, including correct title of published materials, date and year of print edition’s publishing, the name of the author, website address if dealing with online sources. Web publications contain a lot of important information. Citing online materials do not include page specification, it has strict guidelines standards ordinarily printed editions have. Citing MLA requires attention and time. Quotations Guidelines and Standards MLA guidelines standards include a number of requirements for proper references. With various types of resources like books, journals, newspapers, websites, movies, videos, numerous media posts tweets, a single citing structure is crucial for proper academic paper’s completing. Writers work with two main types of citations. Quotes are listed in alphabetic order by author’s name with additional information interesting for readers. Order MLA Paper The main two citations’ types are following: Regular quotes. Complete quotes. Complete quotations are placed at the end of written papers, conducted research projects, and remain final credentials. MLA style mostly contains regular quotations. The entire reference includes author’s name, printed or online material version, publisher’s name, date of publishing, address (URL or page range) where to find original files. Additional information may be added into regular reference. Another popular and broadly used kind of reference is a parenthetical citation that is included in the body part of research project. The text of parenthetical quote contains useful details for readers with the exact number of pages and additional information. Online materials require proper quoting style. It is easy to place reference, with no need to mark unimportant details like a city where information was published and other familiar facts. To submit good college or university paper or research project, every writer needs to provide the exact address of source mentioned for readers’ grander convenience. It allows gaining quick access to wanted records. Updated records are reachable. Advanced Guide for MLA Style Writing good academic works requires excellent formatting style, the uniqueness of writings and lack of mistakes mix-ups. Proper modern ways to cite article are obligatory. Talented writers use numerous up-to-day sources. Select related contemporary articles in journals, newspapers and book notes, published about a month ago. The Internet is full of familiar posts.   The informative virtual posts offer numerous useful examples of popular MLA, APA formats. Follow the next tips to cite accessed sources: Use numerous quotes for better illustration of the analyzed issue, fill the main text with own thoughts and ideas; Cited records and information must be quoted closely to the original source with same phrases, words; You can break up a quote with own writing and personal notes if needed; Proper references structuring needs to be established. Numerous online databases offer various records. Working with virtual sources, you face the need  to specify volumes, chapters, pages ora huge list of other minor details. Various online companies provide formatting services. It allows providing a perfect final paper, with numbers of background data used in a research project with an aim to assure proper bibliography list. Academic writing lacks of appropriate guidelines. All rules and standards are obligatory. It is possible to type requested format details into search machine hoping to find the best writing instructions with specifics and explanations. Authors put in-text quotations into proper order. Academic Writing and Proper Reference Style Students face numerous problems formatting own academic papers. Final works need to follow tutor’s recommendations; check every quote is mentioned according to public copyright law. Even a single word matters. Start proofreading a completed paper with requested configuration, which appears multitasking complicated process. It is convenient to type every quote accurately when writing paper or research project. An entire list of credentials requests additional checking. Get A+ Grade Paper The ordinary process of college or university article completing includes the following stages: Writing an article due to tutor’s recommendations. Numerous review, editing proofreading. Performing a list of used materials (printed and online) in alphabetic order, focusing on proper up-to-day citations’ organization. It is important to follow agreed standards guidelines. If assigned academic task requires ensuing certain formatting style, the author needs to perform an article, cite data, records, facts according to chosen quotation style. Scholarly articles are cited in Turabian and Chicago. Focusing on formatting style, students can forget that mentioned data, records, facts need to be checked few times, with all slashes and commas tested. Add important facts like the title of published company, web location of the online source, magazine’s title if requested. Make short notes. You will use them to assure an entire list of records is properly organized and every quote’s original source can be easily found.   Dealing with best tips guides on how to cite an article MLA, confirm to follow instructions rigorously. It is important for your paper final grade. Updated MLA Citation Style Guidelines MLA guidelines to cite articles were changing a lot during past decades. Students use up-to-day eighth edition. This new improved version allows organizing various sorts of materials (records, facts, figures, data) into a single approved citation structure. Modern MLA references format allows citing any sort of modern materials (print and online): books and edited books’ chapters; print and online scholarly journals; print and online newspapers; movies and television shows; YouTube videos; Tweets and images; print magazines print; essays and interviews; PDF files and textbooks. MLA citations format is perfect for information and data. Following agreed modern standards guidelines, it is easy to cite any article completing original and flawless academic paper.

3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists

3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists 3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists 3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists By Mark Nichol The interrelationship of words or phrases in a list of things set out in a sentence (known as an in-line list, as opposed to a vertical list) is often obscured by erroneous syntax. For each of the following examples, discussion and revision point out the errors of equivalency. 1. The average large project runs 45 percent over budget, 7 percent past deadline, and delivers 56 percent less value than expected. The verb runs pertains to the first two figures but not to the last, so the first two list items must be connected by a conjunction to share it, and because doing so reduces the number of list items from three to two, no commas are necessary: â€Å"The average large project runs 45 percent over budget and 7 percent past deadline and delivers 56 percent less value than expected.† 2. Cybersecurity is a critical organizational priority in the boardroom, C-suite, information technology department, and every area of the business. Each of the first three items in this list, to be parallel with the final item, should have their own iteration of the: â€Å"Cybersecurity is a critical organizational priority in the boardroom, the C-suite, the information technology department, and every area of the business.† Alternately, the structure of the sentence can be altered so that the first three items constitute one larger item, which requires a couple of revisions to the sentence so that it and the final item are equivalent: â€Å"Cybersecurity is a critical organizational priority in the boardroom, C-suite, and information technology department and in every area of the business.† 3. Over the years, Jones would also master piano, bass guitar, clarinet, alto and tenor saxophone. Alto is not a distinct list item- it is part of the item â€Å"alto and tenor saxophone†- so that phrase must be preceded by a conjunction: â€Å"Over the years, Jones would also master piano, bass guitar, clarinet, and alto and tenor saxophone.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Talking25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Gender and the effectiveness of leadership Research Paper

Gender and the effectiveness of leadership - Research Paper Example Leadership is defined as an art and science of influence (Emmerik, 2010). In the past, males were believed that they were blessed with the ability to practice leadership and females were considered ideal for occupying the subordinate roles in the organizations (Jogulu, 2006). Nevertheless, with the passage of time, females’ ability to practice leadership grew and therefore, many of them managed to break the so-called glass ceiling in the organizations that are operating in a vast range of industry (Kolb, 2013). The basic and fundamental purpose of the study is to run a descriptive investigation with reference to males and females’ capability of practicing leadership. The study will be conducted in order to evaluate the presence of the glass ceiling in the local corporate market (Mavin, 2012). Following are the research question and hypotheses respectively (Maleki, 2011). The character of the study will be experimental in nature Literature review Females as Effective Leaders Reports show that male and female leadership styles get influenced for their tasks and considerations based upon the organizational-structure (Maleki, 2011). This structure puts that one’s position in the hierarchy, rather than the gender influences the leadership style. The gender-organization and the gender-organization system develop that gender and organization system combine to influence the leadership behavior in an independent and interactive method (Jogulu, 2006). Major research in the area of gender and leadership stereo typicality show that the workplace is either self -perception centered or subordinate centered, based upon the female or male leadership behavior. ... The character of the study will be experimental in nature Literature review Females as Effective Leaders Reports show that male and female leadership styles get influenced for their tasks and considerations based upon the organizational-structure (Maleki, 2011). This structure puts that one’s position in the hierarchy, rather than the gender influences the leadership style. The gender-organization and the gender-organization system develop that gender and organization system combine to influence the leadership behavior in an independent and interactive method (Jogulu, 2006). Major research in the area of gender and leadership stereo typicality show that the workplace is either self -perception centered or subordinate centered, based upon the female or male leadership behavior. In most of the cases, gender differentiation has been more frequently reported by their subordinates rather than by the leaders themselves (Mavin, 2012). Marissa Mayer who is a CEO of Yahoo proved hersel f as the effective leader as she successfully managed to stimulate growth in the company by taking bold and concrete measures. The removal of policy supporting telecommuting is the most risky decision she took after becoming a leader. The featured lady challenged and nullified the presumption that under her command people can manage to take things easy because female leaders are weak when it comes to implementing discipline. The featured leader proved the common belief wrong by tightening the strings. The females that are leading the show for famous companies are known for their dedication towards discipline whereas; they tend to follow mechanistic philosophy in terms of organizational management. Elena Ford who is Vice President of Consumer Experience

Security and Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Security and Privacy - Essay Example By information we indicate data that have been produced into the structure that is consequential and useful to the human beings (Kenneth, 1999). Modern technology poses innovative confronts to the protection of individual privacy which existing (Kenneth, 1999). This section will provide the basic insight in to the problem situation that leads to development of this information policy. It is observed on numerous occasions, personnel working late observed the cleaning staff reading discarded printouts. This is really wrong client information exploitation. The administration at St. John’s Hospital takes pride in its sound policies and procedures for the protection of confidential client information. In fact, it serves as a model for other institutions in the area. There is need for the protection of the information and development of the effective information policy. Privacy is the declaration of individuals to be theft alone, free from observation or intrusion from other individuals of organizations as well as the state. Declarations to privacy are also caught up at the place of work. Information technology and system pressure individual declarations to privacy by making the incursion of privacy inexpensive, cost-effective, and efficient (Kenneth, 1999). The information security risk can be defined as the concentration of affect on organization processes (encompassing operational tasks, illustrations, or status), organization possessions, or individuals ensuing from the procedure of an business information arrangement offers the possible influence of a hazard and the probability of that intimidation occurring (Rebecca, 2007). In the above section the possible hazard situations are presented. Such situations can lead us towards lot of possible information exploitation cases. For instance, several workers can take information regarding any patient and blackmail him for

Legal Case Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Case Analysis - Research Paper Example The issue was framed on the state’s authority to control private commercial enterprises that justified itself on protecting the health of children and women. The proceedings of this case clearly elaborated how children and women worked, and conditions of the factories they worked at as found by the Chief Factory Inspector, Florence Kelley, and her staff. The hearing and testimonies presented in the court constituted the truthful record that formed the foundation of the appeal to the Supreme Court (Ritchie v. People (1895). The laws established that the case was still in effect until the Supreme Court of United State decided that the case was in favor of the National Consumers League. This was according to Muller v. Oregon judgment that was handed over on 24 February, 1908. Soon after the United Stated Supreme conclusion in Muller v. Oregon, Louis Brandeis, the attorney in the National Consumers League, claimed that before the Supreme Court had a hearing challenging the constit utionality of the recently enacted Illinois law modeled precisely upon Oregon law that was upheld by the United States Supreme Court. It was a fair decision since that case of Ritchie v. ... Fifteen years later, the decision became a legal nullity, even though the opinion in 1895 was never completely overruled by either the Supreme Court of Illinois or the United States Supreme Court (Herman, 1987). Wal-Mart Stores Inc. v. Samara Bros. Inc. (Forensic Evidence) On March 22, 2000, in an agreed decision, the Supreme Court of the United States handed a win to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. It also gave much needed intelligibility for the involved people in the case over a specific dress type and design. In the Wal-Mart Stores Inc. v. Samara Bros. Inc. case, the court held that the plaintiff claimed a trade right following Section 43 (a) of the Lanham Act 2 for product designs that are not registered should provide evidence that the design is unique by showing that it has a secondary meaning as a source’s indication to consumers. The court refused the inherent test for inherent uniqueness raised by the owners of the dress trade in the case, the Clinton Management, and many IP a ssociations. This meant that the tests are unproductive and unworkable in cases dealing with product design and made a decision that product design can by no means be inherently unique; rather, uniqueness must every time be acquired (Lemley et al., 2007). Decision Highlights The court made its decision on the case and the following is a summary: 1. For it to give explanation for the raised question on a particular design of a product to meet the requirements for the trade dress protection in the situation where a registered trademark is non-existent, the court ruled that a petitioner should always avail proof that the design has obtained a secondary meaning. This resolved a tear in the US Circuit Appeal Courts (WAL-MART STORES INC. v. SAMARA BROS. INC). 2. The court

MAC and Physical Layer Enhancements

MAC and Physical Layer Enhancements Abstract Communication technologies have improved a lot since the time we started using radio waves for communicating. We have seen advancement not just in the Cellular side but also on the WiFi side. The availability of limited spectrum has been the issue of the 21st century. As we have improved our technologies from the First generation which was based on analog communication to Fourth Generation which is based on Orthogonal Frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), the free space in the spectrum has also reduced which has created the problems of congestion. We have come to the point where there is a demand for high capacity, better throughput, constant connectivity and high spectral efficiency. To cater this demand, we not only need high-end devices but equally efficient core network. This paper would focus on the converging technology enhancements at Physical and MAC (Media Access Control) layer of the Fifth generation (5G) on the cellular side and 802.11ad on WiFi side. I. Introduction With the increasing number of users, there is a spectral crunch in both the licensed and unlicensed spectrum. Licensed spectrum is the frequency chunk which is bought by the telecom companies, and a company can use its specific frequency band. The technologies in the licensed spectrum are GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution). Unlicensed spectrum is the frequency chunk which is free and can be used by anyone. The technologies used in unlicensed spectrum are Bluetooth, WiFi. The increasing number of users have created the need for finding new spectrums and simultaneously new technologies which can be used to improve the efficacy of both cellular and WiFi communication. New standards i.e. 5G for cellular communication and 802.11ad for WiFi are going to use high-frequency bands which were never used before. This untapped potential is going to be a game changer. It will not just improve the spectral efficiency and th e throughput but will also increase the capacity. Technologies such as 802.11ac and LTE-Advanced (Long term evolution-advanced) could provide data rates as high as 1 Gigabytes per second (Gbps) [5] [6]. Also, LTE-A used 2620-2690 MHz (Mega Hertz), and 802.11ac used 5GHz (Giga Hertz) band for data transfer [1] [5]. 802.11ac and LTE-A employed technologies such as MIMO (multiple input, multiple output), beamforming which helped in achieving necessary throughput and capacity requirements, but now even these enhancements need necessary upgradation and changes to support the ever-increasing demand. Not only this but the cost of the wired backhaul is also a big concern. All these needs must be met in 5G and 802.11ad. The cost of wired backhaul can be reduced by moving towards mm-wave (Millimeter wave) which will not just decrease the cost of backhaul but will also improve the overall throughput [1]. This can be a converging point for the two technologies. 5G will be using frequency band i.e. 28 and 38 GHz, and 802.11ad will be using the 60GHz band which falls in mm-wave frequency band [1] [2]. Directional beamforming will be another addition to both 5G and 802.11ad wherein we will direct the signal towards the intended receiver that will help in reducing the power required [1] [2]. Figure 1. Improvement in performance from 4G to 5G. [8] Figure 1 gives a clarity about the targets which were set after using International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced Standard) i.e. 4G to enhance its performance in case of International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020 Standard) i.e. the 5G standard [8]. II. Physical Layer Enhancements Here are some of the enhancements at the Physical layer of 802.11ad and 5G: 1. Millimeter Wave: (i) Millimeter wave in 802.11ad: Propagation of signal in the 60GHz unlicensed spectrum is different from that of 5GHz and 2.4GHz which were used in previous WiFi protocols. The frequency range in which the 60GHz falls is the Millimeter wave frequency band. Millimeter wave band will allow faster data transfer and will help us in using wireless docking stations. This will reduce the cost of backhaul as we will be removing the wires. The issues with 60GHz spectrum are its smaller range due to high attenuation, as the wavelength is small thus it causes blockage due to concrete walls [2]. We can also see from the figure 2. that the effect of oxygen in the atmosphere at 60GHz is high and causes atmospheric absorption of the millimeter wave. These are some of the limitations of 60 GHz band which are being looked at like the issue of absorption by oxygen can be reduced by using band Figure 2. High Atmospheric absorption at 60GHz. [1] (ii) Millimeter wave in 5G: The proposed band for 5G is 28GHz and 38GHz which falls in the region of millimeter wave. This is going to help in increase the data rate. The proposed data rate is nearly 20Gbps which is nearly 20 times that of 4G [8]. Millimeter waves can travel smaller distances as the wavelength is small which causes high attenuation due to atmospheric absorption. This can be mitigated by using the concept of small cells in our network. Cell size can be up to 200 meters. Figure 3. Attenuation Due to Heavy Rainfall. [1] Figure 3 shows the attenuation due to heavy rainfall of 25 millimeter/hour for a 28GHz band for 1 Kilometer cell size i.e. 7db which will be only 1.4db for a cell size of 200 meter [1]. 2. Beamforming: (i) Directional Beamforming in 802.11ad: In directional beamforming, the signals are directed to the intended receiver. It has been introduced instead of using an omnidirectional antenna which used to send the beam in all the directions reducing the power of the signal. But it is highly impractical to use highly-directional transmissions as there is a high chance of attenuation due to blockages. This can be prevented by using automatic gain control. MAC mechanisms are also affected due to the Highly directional communications such that the devices are not able to know that there is some other communication going on which increases the chances of collision. Golay sequences are used to reduce these chances of collisions. Golay sequences are the complementary sequences and help in synchronization and automatic gain control that in turn helps in attaining a throughput of 27.5Mbps thus making Management frames more efficient. Sum of out-of-phase Autocorrelation coefficients for Golay sequ ences being zero reduces the level of side lobes which in turn helps in reducing the chance of collision [2]. (ii) Adaptive beamforming in 5G: Beamforming is a concept in which we change the specific weights at the antenna level such that we direct the signal to a specific area by concentrating the power in the main lobe and reducing the power of signals in the side lobe. This will increase the throughput and hence will improve the user experience. In adaptive beamforming, the channel is used in an efficient manner which also helps in reducing the issue of interference. This can be achieved by using the concept of scheduling in different base stations. This can be used in a very interesting manner in 5G, and it will also help by improving the coordination between various eNodeBs. Hence the concept of adaptive beamforming will make the 5G network faster and more efficient [9]. 3. MIMO: (i) Multiuser-MIMO (MU-MIMO) in 802.11ad: At physical layer level 802.11ad works in two modes i.e. OFDM and Single carrier mode. MIMO is used for diversity in communication. In multiuser MIMO for 802.11ad, we use a matrix of a minimum of 2X2 (2 receiver antennas and 2 transmitter antennas). We can send signals to 2 or more users at one time with a very high throughput because we are employing OFDM. Previously we were employing only single user-MIMO wherein we used to send multiple signals to only one user. No doubt it gave high speed, but we were not able to use the limited unlicensed spectrum efficiently. Thus, with the advent of Multiuser-MIMO, the problem of low efficiency has been reduced [2] [10]. Figure 4. Block diagram of Transmitter in MIMO [10]. From figure 4 we can see how the data is sent using MIMO technique. Here firstly data is sent to the scrambler. After scrambling the data, it is encoded by the LDPC (low-density parity-check) encoder for tone interleaving. After interleaving the OFDM processed data we apply Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the data. Finally, we add a guard interval to protect the sent data [10]. (ii) Massive MIMO in 5G: 5G will be using massive MIMO technique that will involve a large number of antennas and the number will more than 10 times larger than previous networks. This will not just give a high amount of beamforming gains but will also increase the capacity of the network. But there is a catch here. The increase in a number of streams will increase the overhead of pilot signals, and because of this, we will use some part of our spectrum. Also, there is an increase in the complexity if we use a high number of antennas. The solution to this overhead is that we can use Non-Linear Estimators and small cells which will help in reducing the effect as at high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) the effect of errors in the signal is very less [4]. III. MAC Layer enhancements Here are some of the enhancements at the MAC layer of 802.11ad and 5G: 1. Beamforming Training in 802.11ad: Beamforming training is a part of directional beamforming in which we select a pair of receiver and transmitter sectors so that the network can be optimized and we can get the best coverage. Figure 5. Sector training in Transmitter and Receiver antenna [2]. Figure 5 shows the sector training process. This is done is three phases. In the first step, we try to find the best transmitting antenna. In the second step, the training of only those transmitting and receiving antennas happens for which the transponder thinks are the best for the network. In the third step, various weights for the antennas are adjusted according to the changes in the channel so as to get the maximum level of Signal to Noise Ratio which will thus be able to get the best coverage for the network. Hence the process of Beamforming training for 802.11ad is completed [2] [3] [7]. 2. Contention-Based Medium Access in 802.11ad: In IEEE 802.11 standards, enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) is used for contention-based Medium access. But there is an issue of deafness that arises when we use the contention based medium access and directional beamforming together. This can be reduced by using Beamforming training wherein we select the best transmitter and receiver antenna for the communication. Chances of collisions are increased due to deafness because carrier sensing ability is reduced. Multiple Network allocation vector (NAV) timers are used at the MAC level. Here the channel is allocated only if the NAV is zero and will not be allocated in case the NAV is non-zero. The concept of NAV for the contention window in 802.11 standards has been used previously as well. Using this concept will enhance the capacity and efficiency of 802.11ad and will be different from previous standards as it uses direction beamforming [2]. 3. Dynamic Channel Time Allocation in 802.11ad: Dynamic channel time allocation is a polling based allocation of resources in 802.11ad at the MAC layer. The polling is done not just for one frame but for a specific time chunk of the channel. The issue of deafness is avoided due to personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP) that reduces the chance of a collision as PCP/AP knows the path of transmitting antenna. The process of Dynamic Channel time allocation is explained in Figure 6. It shows the Beacon header interval (BHI) can be used in dynamic scheduling. Firstly, a channel is gained by the PCP/AP for the polling frames that are sent to their respective stations. Service period requests (SPRs) are used to reserve a specific channel time for their respective communication. Communication can be between Station (STA)- STA or STA Access Point (AP). Channel protection points act as the guard time between two allocated channel times adding reliability in communication [2]. Figure 6. Dynamic Channel Time Allocation [2]. 4. Full-Duplex MAC Protocol in 5G: At Physical layer level, Full-Duplex must reduce the use spectrum making the communication efficient. At MAC layer level the protocol must be defined such that it optimizes the network and reduces the chances of collision. The problem of a hidden node due to highly directional communication can also arise just like it used to happen in the case of WiFi standards. We can use the concept of Request to Send / Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) which was used in WiFi standards being a half-duplex communication. For 5G we will be using full-duplex clear-to-send (FCTS) instead of just the CTS which was used in WiFi i.e. a unidirectional communication. Figure 7 shows the channel allocation for communication between Node A and Node B. Firstly RTS is sent from Node A to check if there is the availability of the channel. After that there is a Short Interframe Space (SIFS) for which we need to wait for FCTS from Node B. Now being a bidirectional communication (Full-duplex) an FCTS is sent by Node A as wel l which makes it different from WiFi standards. After another SIFS interval, the channel is allocated, and there is a bi-directional communication between Node A and Node B. After the channel time allocated is complete, there is a small SIFS before ACK (Acknowledgement) which is kept and this ACK shows that the channel has been released [11]. Figure 7. Channel Allocation in Full Duplex 5G between Node A and Node B [11]. 5. Device-to-device communications in 5G: It is currently a part of LTE-A Release 12 of the 3gpp standards. Device to device (D2D) communication will be an inter-communication between the devices that will use 5G. There is no need to route the data from the 5G base station in D2D communication. The devices will use the same spectral resources as the 5G network. Thus, we must optimize the network to meet the requirement of the users. This will improve the spectral efficiency of the network and will increase the capacity as well. For D2D communication the devices should be in proximity. This can be very useful in case of Autonomous vehicles such as driverless cars which can communicate with each other and thus protect the passengers. D2D communication can occur in two ways. The first way is that one of the UE (User) can send a broadcast signal about its availability and what it can offer. The discoverer UE if interested in the characteristics of the broadcasting UE establishes a connection. The second way is that one of the UE will broadcast its requirements and the UE which meets these criteria can establish a connection with this UE [12]. IV. Conclusion This paper has shed light on the most recent enhancements taking place in 802.11ad and 5G. The paper has addressed the issue of spectral crunch and how these two technologies will cope up with this issue in the near future. The enhancements introduced in the paper have opened the way for the two technologies to interoperate such that the user can get 5G connectivity when outside and 802.11ad connectivity when inside their homes. Convergence of these two technologies will be made easy not just at the Physical level but at the MAC level too. At physical layer level, we have seen the use of mm-wave and directional beamforming, and at MAC layer level, we have seen full-duplex communication using RTS/CTS in 5G which will increase convergence.   Hence, the convergence of these two technologies will increase the capacity as a lot of unused spectrum will be released. V. References [1] T. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, and H. Zhao, Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications  for 5G Cellular: It Will Work! IEEE Access, pp. 335-349, 2013. [2] T. Nitsche et al., IEEE 802.11ad: Directional 60 GHz Communication for Multi-Gigabit-per-Second Wi-Fi, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 12, Dec. 2014, pp. 132-41. [3] H. Shokri-Ghadikolaei, C. Fischione, P. Popovski, and M. Zorzi, Design aspects of short-range millimeter-wave networks: A MAC layer perspective, IEEE Netw., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 88-96, May 2016. [4] V. Jungnickel, K. Manolakis, W. Zirwas, B. Panzner, V. Braun, M. Lossow, M. Sternad, R.  Apelfrojd and T. Svensson, The Role of Small Cells, Coordinated Multipoint, and Massive  MIMO in 5G, IEEE Commun. Mag., pp.44-51, May 2014.   [5] R. Van Nee, Breaking the Gigabit-per-second barrier with S02.11AC, IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. IS, pp. 4-4, April 2011. [6] S. Parkvall, et al., LTE-Advanced Evolving LTE Towards IMT-Advanced, in IEEE Proc.  Vehicular Technology Conference, Sept. 2008. [7] E. Perahia and M. X. Gong. Gigabit wireless lans: an overview of IEEE 802.11 ac and  802.11ad. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 15(3):23-33,  2011. [8] M.2083, Recommendation ITU-R, IMT Vision Framework and overall objectives of the  future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond, September 2015. [9] S. Chen, S. Sun, Q. Gao and X. Su, Adaptive Beamforming in TDD-Based Mobile  Communication Systems: State of the Art and 5G Research Directions, in IEEE Wireless  Communications, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 81-87, December 2016. [10] X. Zhu, A. Doufexi, and T. Kocak, Throughput and coverage performance for IEEE  802.11ad millimeter-wave WPANs, in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2011  IEEE 73rd, 2011, pp. 1-5. [11] X. Zhang, W. Cheng, and H. Zhang, Full-duplex transmission in PHY and MAC layers for  5g mobile wireless networks, Wireless Communications, IEEE, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 112-121,  2015. [12] Z. Ma, Z. Zhang, Z. Ding, P. Fan, and H. Li, Key techniques for 5G wireless  communications: network architecture, physical layer, and MAC layer perspectives, Sci. China  Inf. Sci., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1-20, 2015.

Effects of the Tet Offensive Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

For nine years, the United States were hell-bent in achieving their rightful victory in Vietnam, however, destiny had different plans for them. The Tet Offensive is considered the turning point of the Vietnam Conflict because of the fact that the Vietcong and North Vietnamese Army surprised the U.S and South Vietnam with several sporadic attacks. Consequently, many effects from these attacks were expected, not only for America, but for North and South Vietnam as well. With U.S citizens’ opinions quickly turning against U.S. involvement in Vietnam, South Vietnam faced much disaster. Its government was stricken with humility because of the increased abandonment of their army, leading to the inability to protect its citizens. On the other hand, North Vietnam began accepting great amounts of land along with the power to frighten the rural population. Soon after the Tet Offensive, citizens of the United States began having second opinions about concentrating our troops in Vietnam: â€Å"Within weeks [of the Tet attacks], many average Americans who previously were supporters had turned against the war† (Omicinski 2). A small cluster of Vietcong forces made their way into the compound of the United States embassy located in Saigon, proving to Americans that even though there were hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting in Vietnam, the U.S. had progressed only slightly (Dudley 131). The people were constantly being told that the conflict would soon end, however, increased need of military assistance had U.S. citizens questioning the veracity of our government. The phrase "credibility gap" surfaced to describe the growing public scepticism (Gerdes 14). This factor led to the government’s loss of support from most of the population. Ano... ...t.edu/central/brush/LocalForces.htm>. Dennison, John D. Tet Offensive of 1968 - A Simpler Version. 24 Aug 2004. 1st Cav Medic Radio Station. 3 May 2007 . Dudley, William. The Vietnam War: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc, 1998. Gerdes, Louise. Examining Political Issues Through Political Cartoons: The Vietnam War. Greenhaven Press, 2005. Omicinski, John. â€Å"Tet Offensive 30 years ago: A turning point of Last Half-Century.† USA Today. Jan. 31, 1998. SIRS Researcher. Waubonsie Valley H. S. Lib., Aurora, IL. 3 May 2007 . Vietnamization: Lasting Effects On South Vietnam. 1999. StudyWorld. 11 May 2007 . Effects of the Tet Offensive Essay -- Vietnam War Essays For nine years, the United States were hell-bent in achieving their rightful victory in Vietnam, however, destiny had different plans for them. The Tet Offensive is considered the turning point of the Vietnam Conflict because of the fact that the Vietcong and North Vietnamese Army surprised the U.S and South Vietnam with several sporadic attacks. Consequently, many effects from these attacks were expected, not only for America, but for North and South Vietnam as well. With U.S citizens’ opinions quickly turning against U.S. involvement in Vietnam, South Vietnam faced much disaster. Its government was stricken with humility because of the increased abandonment of their army, leading to the inability to protect its citizens. On the other hand, North Vietnam began accepting great amounts of land along with the power to frighten the rural population. Soon after the Tet Offensive, citizens of the United States began having second opinions about concentrating our troops in Vietnam: â€Å"Within weeks [of the Tet attacks], many average Americans who previously were supporters had turned against the war† (Omicinski 2). A small cluster of Vietcong forces made their way into the compound of the United States embassy located in Saigon, proving to Americans that even though there were hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting in Vietnam, the U.S. had progressed only slightly (Dudley 131). The people were constantly being told that the conflict would soon end, however, increased need of military assistance had U.S. citizens questioning the veracity of our government. The phrase "credibility gap" surfaced to describe the growing public scepticism (Gerdes 14). This factor led to the government’s loss of support from most of the population. Ano... ...t.edu/central/brush/LocalForces.htm>. Dennison, John D. Tet Offensive of 1968 - A Simpler Version. 24 Aug 2004. 1st Cav Medic Radio Station. 3 May 2007 . Dudley, William. The Vietnam War: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc, 1998. Gerdes, Louise. Examining Political Issues Through Political Cartoons: The Vietnam War. Greenhaven Press, 2005. Omicinski, John. â€Å"Tet Offensive 30 years ago: A turning point of Last Half-Century.† USA Today. Jan. 31, 1998. SIRS Researcher. Waubonsie Valley H. S. Lib., Aurora, IL. 3 May 2007 . Vietnamization: Lasting Effects On South Vietnam. 1999. StudyWorld. 11 May 2007 .