Book Report On Burger King Essay - 955 Words

Preface information on Burger King: The origins of what is now the international fast food corporation Burger King, began in 1953 in Jacksonville Florida as Insta-Burger King. Inspired by the recent success of the McDonalds Corporation, Founders/Owners Matthew Burns and Keith Kramer searched for their own gimmick to kick start their business. They found that Gimmick in two pieces of machines called â€Å"Insta-Broilers†. The Machines were the cornerstone of the original few stores, and where required in all stores to broil Burgers. After a year of slow business, the company was sold to Miami, Florida franchisees David Edgerton and James Mclamore in 1954. Their first issue of business was to change the company name to simply Burger King. Then the two began a complete corporate restructure of the company, eventually expanding the company to 250 locations nationwide over an 8 year tenure. Burger King was then sold to Pillsbury Company 1967. In 1978 Burger King made an attempt to revamp the company’s structu re, by hiring former McDonalds executive Donald Smith. Smith purposed that the company make many changes including, revamped menus, updated franchise agreements, and changing the look and logo to look more modern. The Company was sold three more times after poor performance next to its top competitor, McDonalds. The third time it was sold to investors led by TPG Capital for $1.5 billion in 2002. TPG then took the company public in 2005, where it was initially publicallyShow MoreRelatedMcdonald s Vs. Burger King Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesMcDonald s vs. Burger King. McDonald s, America s well known fast food chain has been growing since the day it was discovered by Richard and Maurice McDonald in 1940. The famous hamburger sensation has surpassed its restaurant presences by 1.5 times when compared to the overall amount of hospitals in the U.S. for decades, McDonald s has been the number one hamburger fast food choice for the average Americans, that is until Burger King started t o build its innovation. The rise of Burger King started inRead MoreCase Study : Burger King s Promotion1091 Words   |  5 PagesPromotion Burger King promotes their products by sending out direct mailers every month with discount coupons to one of their target market, which are young adults and low-income families. The mailers advertise â€Å"Over $70 dollars in savings†. â€Å"One of the coupons in the mailer offers two Whoppers, two small french fries, and two small drinks for $ 8.99† (BK mailer , 2016). These deals are so good that their target market the young adult and low-income families can afford to eat at Burger King restaurantsRead MoreThe Value Of Burger King s Brand Name Value822 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A brand is a voice and a product is a souvenir.† Lisa Gansky, American entrepreneur and author of the book  The Mesh The brand equity is defined as a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand (Aaker, 1991). There have been many debates among the accountants claiming that brand value is a valuable long term asset (Wood L., 2000). In 1992, Financial World started publishing brand value estimates and it was found that the brand value represents approximately 40% of equity 9531184Read MoreChina Buffet vs. Burger King1342 Words   |  6 PagesChina Buffet vs. Burger King Dirty Dining Today there are more and more reports of dirty dinning in so many fast food restaurants. Any time a person decides to eat out in any type of fast food restaurant they are taking a big risk, and stand a chance of getting sick from the food that they eat. All fast food restaurants have their own little dirty secrets. Some are clean whereas some are filthy and should be shut down. There are several shows on television today that show how nastyRead MoreFinancial Overview - Mcdonalds Case Study2100 Words   |  9 Pagesdescription of McDonald’s corporation, including its background, followed by a financial overview with comments for each financial category reviewed, the a comparison of financial ratio’s between McDonald’s and it rival Burger King derived from their 2009 and 2009 annual reports. Finally a support will be provided based off of all findings. Part One: Company Description The McDonald’s Corporation is a well-known restaurant chain that franchises and operates fast food restaurants worldwide.Read MoreEssay on Comparing McDonalds and Burger King2479 Words   |  10 PagesComparing McDonalds and Burger King 1.0 Executive Summary This report examines how the fast-food service industry uses consumer behaviour principles and techniques to influence consumers. It explores the actions and observes the practices undertaken by the two most prominent players of this particular industry, namely McDonalds Corporation and Burger King Corporation. Using past and present research and statistics, this reports offers a complete analysis of consumer reaction to advertisementsRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Mcdonalds Essay3043 Words   |  13 Pagesone of the world’s most known and leading restaurant retailers to provide fast, convenient and tasty food to millions of customers worldwide each day. Headquartered in the United States and a company that began with small beginnings, and a simple burger it now has expanded menu that includes healthy food. Currently, the McDonald name and its brand serves to approximately 64 million customers each day, in over 333,000 local restaurants locations, in about 119 countries. II. Company History TheRead MoreFast Food and Burger King3682 Words   |  15 PagesInternational Business Assignment Abstract Burger King has been widely known as one of the biggest fast food restaurant around the world. For decades, Burger King has grown rapidly and well known in the worldwide. Founded by James Mclamore and David Edgerton in Miami, Florida in 1954, the company first started its menu dominantly of burger, fries, and soft drink. Since the restaurant grows, Burger King expanded the breadth of its menu by adding various non-beef items like chicken, fish andRead MoreCsr Mcdonalds1534 Words   |  7 Pagesbring up Burger King’s CSR policy which says that â€Å"Directors, as well as officers and employees, are expected to act ethically at all times and to adhere to the Companys Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We share the concerns of our neighbours and employees about the future of our planet and the need to protect and conserve precious resources. Each of us is responsible for ensuring that our Company conducts its business with honesty, integrity and the highest ethical standards .† (Burger King Website)Read MoreDiageo Case Study1411 Words   |  6 Pages20% of its Burger King subsidiary. Because of the restructuring opportunity, the company wanted to rethink its financing mix. In this case, the tradeoff between the costs and benefits of different leverage policies will be discussed. A simulation model was created by Diageo’s director of Finance and Capital Markets, Ian Simpson, and Adrian Williams, the firm’s Treasury Research Manager, to understand the tax benefits of higher gearing and the cost of financial distress. In this report, I will discuss

Essay On The Original Abbey - 1505 Words

The original abbey was a Chapter House, built in 1160. It was used by the canons as the place for business meetings and had stalls situated around the walls for seating; the canons would have met here in the morning, held services, be assigned tasks and be disciplined. Architecturally, it is Norman with the curved arches and is one of the only surviving original parts of the Abbey that would have included different rooms for the canons which governed their daily lives and a church. However, the eastern wall was rebuilt after the 1831 Bristol Riots, hence the modern windows. These windows now list the Abbots of the original monastery and the Deans of the Cathedral. The Chapter house is now a much more communal area and is used for community†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the chapel was not originally attached to the main building however it was eventually joined to the North Transept. The chapel contains lots of artwork, including the medieval tomb of Lady Margret Mortime r and Lord Maurice Berkeley, as well as the iconography of Saint Augustine of Hippo and local Saint Jordan. It is clear from the brickwork that the Elder Lady Chapel has been developed over time, the ceiling is noticeably different to the walls, which also differ from each other. Built in 1298 by Abbot Knowle was The East End ( Eastern Lady Chapel). It continues with the gothic architecture, very popular at the time and first introduced to the Abbey by Abbot David. The East End has large pointed windows which let light fill the space and is Englands largest hall church - this means all the ceilings are the same height, usually only the aisle ceilings are the same. There are also painted ceilings and painted designs, suggesting the Abbey was wealthy at the time. At the heart of the east end is the Choir, it is one of the most important and original works of the medieval era in Europe. It is at the center of the cathedral and was rebuilt by Abbot Knowle in the 14th Century, the choir stalls were later added by Abbot Elyot in the 16th Century. The current stalls date back to the 19th century but incorporate some of the 16th Century carvings, including the original misericords. these are located under the choir seats and were originallyShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Of John Keats And William Wordsworth1169 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey†, he shows this substitution through conceiving beauty and truth regardless of existence. Similarly, Keats, whom also is an expressivist, proves to be so by also showing beauty and truth in his poem, â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† while creating infinity among the substituted presence. Before the rise of Romantics, there was order. It was believed that the entire universe had a fixed order. As Pope said in his poem â€Å"Essay on Criticism† he called it the â€Å"Vast ChainRead MoreThe Role and Significance of the Monastic Life in Medieval Christianity1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role and Significance of the Monastic Life in Medieval Christianity What is monasticism? The central and original role of the monastic life can be drawn from the meanings of the words monk and hermit. the word monk comes from the Greek word monaches which means solitary and hermit from heremites a desert dweller. The early monks and nuns were just that: men and women who fled the worldliness of urban life and the ethos of a church that was at the timeRead MoreIn Westminster Abbey Analysis1710 Words   |  7 PagesEssay: â€Å"In Westminster Abbey† â€Å"In Westminster Abbey† by John Betjeman is a poem that tells the story of a woman in a famous church in London and her prayer to the Lord. Each stanza in the poem contains something that the speaker wants from the Lord. And as one reads through the poem, a more keen understanding of the woman praying is formed, and it is likely drastically different from the original perception gained in the first two stanzas. In â€Å"In Westminster Abbey,† John Betjeman uses the speaker’sRead MoreAnswers to Some Critical Questions1718 Words   |  7 Pagesyour mind. (Browne 171). In American Earth, the Abbey notes that ¦. the absence of motorized tourists, who stay away by the millions. And they stay away because of the unpaved entrance road, the unflushable toilets in the campgrounds, and the fact that most of them have never even heard of Archest National Monument (416). This is clear omission and skewing of the data simply because there is no data to back this up, this is supposition, and Abbey does not include the reasons why tourists do visitRead More Millennial Themes in The Prelude and Mont Blanc Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe types and symbols of eternity, Of first, and last, and midst, and without end. (VI. 566-572) The unity of God, man, and nature is of course a common theme in Wordsworths poetry, having been given equally memorable treatments in Tintern Abbey and elsewhere, but it was the seemingly paradoxical sentiment of this passage from The Prelude that made such a strong impression on me. As John Beer points out in his article Romantic Apocalypses, Although traditionally the apocalypse and the millenniumRead MoreEssay about Biography f Rene Descartes864 Words   |  4 Pageslicensed degree in Law. In 1618, Descartes spent some time in the military where he was placed in a defense force of Maurice of Nassau, Dutch Republic. In 1622, Descartes came back to France. It was during this stay in Paris where he wrote his first essay called â€Å"Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii† also known as Rules For The Direction Of The Mind. In 1628, Rene moved to the Dutch Republic where he lived for over 20 years. During this time period, he learned more about mathematics, utilizing his spareRead MoreJoseph Franz Haydn Essays818 Words   |  4 PagesCathedral in Vienna, where he made an early living. He worked as a freelance musician, playing the violin and the keyboard instruments, accompanying for singing lessons given by the composer Porpora, who helped and encouraged him ( Boynick, 1). In this essay, I will discuss a brief overview of Joseph Haydns life. I will also talk about some of the pieces he has composed and how they changed music forever. In 1759 he was appointed music director to Count Morzin; but he soon moved, into service asRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1220 Words   |  5 Pagesdirecting the film Macbeth, (Macbeth) and the essay will examine many aspects of the play including the main characters, personalities, themes as well as the important incidents in the film and the historical background. I have chosen Lady Macbeth as the main character for discussion. The 2010 film, saw Macbeth as Stalin and the weird sisters or witches were portrayed as nurses and then cooks. It was filmed in an abbey which retained some of the original scenes of Shakespeare’s play. The 2010 filmRead MoreThe Challenges Of Seamus Heaney1406 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will analyse the challenges Seamus Heaney faced during the process of translation and writing, including his own conscious effort to make the play suitable for a modern audience. It will demonstrate how Heaney’s use of language and poetry aided in presenting modern ideas through the timbre of Irish/English diction and idiom in an attempt to make the play more ‘speakable’. Identifying features of Greek theatrical conventions and how Heaney used these to shape his play. Heaney also presentsRead More Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2888 Words   |  12 Pagesspirituality, and sociality of the story, it has remained, since 1886, a novella that according to the Reverend W. J. Dawson, gives Stevenson â€Å"a place apart, and high above all contemporaries, as an interpreter of the deepest things of the soul† (qtd. in Abbey 318). Not content to merely comment on the age of Victoria—i.e., the world about him—Stevenson has used the vehicle of Jekyll and Hyde to comment on the world within him, and within each of us, depicting the efforts of a scientist who separates

Bloom’s Research and Response Free Essays

Bloom’s Research and Response Bloom’s Research and Response Benjamin Bloom developed Bloom’s Taxonomy of Education in 1956. It is a teaching system developed to classify learning objectives and skills (Larkin Burton, 2008). Lori Anderson and David Krathwohl revised the original publication- Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational objectives and also added new knowledge and ideas to the original material. We will write a custom essay sample on Bloom’s Research and Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the handbook in use by educators today. The Educational objectives that Bloom developed he categorized into three domains: Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor. Each domain has its own set of specific expectations. Bloom broke down his taxonomy into different levels of complexity. They are arraigned in a hierarchy from less to more complex. When teaching, the educator will use the levels so that mastery of the first level is necessary by the learner before the next level can be achieved. The Cognitive Domain focuses on knowledge and developing the skills of comprehension, it also uses critical thinking skills. There are six levels of complexity in this Domain: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. The Affective Domain focuses on how the learner deals with emotions and with his ability to feel empathy for others. Bloom broke down this domain into five levels: Receiving (awareness), Responding (active participation in the learning process), Valuing, Organization, and Internalizing (values held that influence a behavior so it becomes a characteristic). The third domain, the Psychomotor Domain was not broken down into subcategories by Bloom but by Simpson in 1972. The Psychomotor Domain focuses on the ability to manipulate an object physically. This domain has seven levels: Perception, Set (readiness to act), Guided Response, Mechanism, Complex Overt Response (the ability to perform without hesitation), Adaptation, and Origination. When used, Bloom’s Taxonomy will provide the educator with a measurable way to assess the level of comprehension of the taught information by the learner (â€Å"Big Dog and Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition,† 2010). Nurses can use Bloom’s teaching method in educating patients with chronic diseases. First the nurse must assess the patient for level of understanding and readiness to learn. The nurse uses the Cognitive Domain to teach the patient about his specific disease and to facilitate understanding of all concepts associated with the disease and its treatments. In following the hierarchy the nurse would start with the simplest information and ideas and increase the complexity of the information after the patient has exhibited comprehension of the previously taught material. Using the Affective Domain the nurse helps the patient deal with his emotions related to his diagnosis and to attach a value to it. Once a patient has processed the information given to him, realizes the importance of managing his care and placing a value on its importance, he is ready to use the psychomotor domain. The educator uses the Psychomotor domain to teach the skills portion of education. Diabetics need to learn how to use blood glucose testing equipment; patients may need to learn how to self-catheterize these are just two examples of skills that nurses teach that fall under this domain. There are many areas of education a nurse teaches daily. One of which is the information given to patients with chronic diseases in order for them to achieve or maintain self-sufficiency. Bloom’s teaching method gives those patients the best chance at mastering the necessary information and skills needed to live day-to-day with a chronic illness. References Big Dog and Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. nwlink. com/~donclark/hrd/bloom. html Larkin, B. G. , Burton, K. J. (2008, September). Evaluating a Case Study Using Bloom’s Taxonomy of Education. AORN Journal, 88(3), 390-402 How to cite Bloom’s Research and Response, Essays

Science and Technology free essay sample

Science and Technology essay – Advantages and disadvantages of technological advances Technology has been progressing at an astonishingly rapid rhythm, and it has been changing our lives in a scaring way. In the future, our lives might change even more, with several benefits and dangers of technological advances. Everything evolves around 3 concepts: technology, science and future. So now arises the question: will this technology advance make society better or worse off? On the one hand, several benefits will make society better off. For example, advances in cosmetic surgery will lead to people being highly satisfied with their personal appearance and happiness among society will be increased. For example, people that feel ugly and can’t find a couple will now be able do it with facial metamorphosis, and they won’t be depressed anymore. In conclusion, society’s welfare and happiness will be increased by cosmetic surgery. Another example is genetically modified food. We will write a custom essay sample on Science and Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The ability to modify the food’s gens will allow crops to grow faster. This will lead to higher amounts of food being produced at lower prices. As a consequence, world’s hunger rates will be dramatically reduced, with higher nutrition rates taking place. In conclusion, genetically modified food will affect positively human hunger and nutrition rates. Lastly, human lives will also be benefited by another important technological advancement: animal clonation. Species extinction will be reduced or even stopped, as well as hunger rates to the increase in supply of food. To sum up, animal clonation will solve some of the key issues which are actually part of the world’s daily agenda. Overall, human life will be changed in a very positive way by advancements such as the mentioned before and some actual key issues won’t exist anymore. However, technology might also bring severe dangers to human life, being society’s welfare not maximized and in a very extreme case, humans might be extinct. An example of this situation is life expectancy increased to 120/130 years old. Besides this might be seen as a positive fact because we will be able to have a higher quality and longer life, increasing the life expectancy to that range of years will make more profound an actual worldwide issue: overpopulation. If humans start living until 120/130 years old and the birth rates remain constant, then overpopulation will take place, global warming will increase at a higher rate and human life will be seriously threated. In conclusion, increase life expectancy might be a danger to human life if it’s not applied properly. Another example, which is less â€Å"catastrophic† than the previous one mentioned is online education. If we look at a â€Å"hardware and internet connection timeline†, we will be able to notice that internet connection has been doubling its speed every 5 years, and hardware per capita (ie: the amount of computer/s owned by each person all over the world† has been increasing at a constant rate of 25%. This is a good fact, which also implies that online education will take place in the short term future. But isn’t this good? Research have shown that if online education would take place, students would suffer the syndrome of social isolation, which means that mental disorders would be suffered by students as a consequence of a lack of social interaction, as well as decreased happiness and welfare in society due to the unsocial students. In conclusion, besides it might increase individual productivity as students can adopt their own working patterns and practices, it represents a big problem to society. To finish off, another example is technological advancements in internet resulting in a loss of privacy. This is because there will be higher software’s available to spy other people and get into their private life, as well as the fact that the increased availability of internet in society would make all of us more interrelated. As an example, software’s will be available to steal our Facebook account or any other social network password, or if any photo is uploaded to Facebook then people might be able to see it without the publisher of the photo even knowing. In conclusion, it might be considered as a minor issue in society, but as internet and globalization has been having a remarkable growth, this danger will be more noticeable in the long term and will definitely need to be treated. In conclusion, technological advancements are always seen as a good thing but however, they might represent a real danger to society, even threatening human life to extinction. This is not because of the nature of the technological advancements, but because of its over use or misuse by society, and all the dangers these advancements generate could be easily reduced or removed with government intervention and a market that would automatically stop or reduce its consumption because it brings dangers among its consumers.

Hershey Foods Corporation Essays - Hershey, Pennsylvania

Hershey Foods Corporation Carolyn Wright Hershey Foods Corporation manufactures and distributes a wide variety of chocolate and non-chocolate confectionery products. These products include a variety of candy bars, drink mixes, peanut butter, and baking ingredients. They hold important ethics, high quality, and guarantee customer satisfaction. Hershey also participates in preserving the environment. They work hard to minimize waste, and make wrapping materials easy to dispose of responsibly by indicating on the package the proper way to recycle. They are currently the market leader in their industry. (www.hersheys.com) Hershey is a member of the Food-Confectionery Industry. The growth rate for the last five years for the industry has been 10.7%. The S&P 500 top companies have had a growth rate of 10.3% for the past five years. This means that over the past five years the Food-Confectionery Industry has had a higher growth rate than the top companies in other markets. However, Hershey had a 10.2% growth rate, which in less than top companies, and also has a lower rate than its own industry. This year Hershey Foods has had a negative 8.4% growth rate. (www.yahoo.com) This decline in growth could be due to problems that Hershey had with a new information system that was started in July. The problem with the system was that orders were not being filled due to shipping problems, which left overcrowding in warehouses. This overcrowding has increased inventory costs, and has also left customers unsatisfied. The company has predicted that the problems with the new system are fixed and inventories should be regulated in the coming quarters. There is an anticipated growth rate of 16.1% for Hershey next year. This means that the company is confident that it will grow and not decline despite their current problems with shipping. Beta measures the risk of an asset in comparison to the risk that other relative assets have. Average assets have a beta of 1.0. Betas lower than 1 have less risk than the average asset. Respectively a beta over 1 would be more risky than the average asset. Hershey Foods Corporation has a beta of .39. (www.smithbarney.com) This would indicate that investing in Hershey would be less risky than investing in the average stock. The companys stock price has remained stable over this semester. As of November 26, 1999 the stock quote is $49 9/16. Over the past two months the stock has fluctuated from $47.625 on October 15th to $52.625 on November 2nd. This is not enough of a change that would label this stock unstable. However, when I researched back to last years quotes, I found that at the end of November in 1998 the stock was at a high of $68 7/8. (www.yahoo.com) This high could have been caused by the seasonality that this company has. Hershey gets busier during back to school, Halloween, Thanksgiving, and Christmas seasons. The reason why the company has not seen highs like that this year could be do to the inventory problems that I mentioned earlier. (www.sec.gov) In August of 1997 the company made 500 million dollars of debt securities were made available. As of October of 1999 half of the securities remained available. 230 million dollars of the companys common stock was repurchased in February of 1999. This money was used to benefit Milton Hershey School. (www.sec.gov) The company holds 32.2 million dollars worth of Treasury Stock. The company currently holds 576.8 million dollars worth of debt. This can be borrowed to issue commercial paper. (www.sec.gov) In March of 1997 the company issued 6.95% notes. The money raised from these notes and other debt securities will be used to reduce ongoing debt. Funds will also be used for expanding business ventures, and paying off commercial paper borrowings. (www.sec.gov) In the year 2001 the company plans on lowering interest rates from 6.7% to 5.8% on notes that are payable in the year 2005. These notes were issued in October of 1999. A firms capitol structure can be defined by what percent current liabilities and current equity hold in the company. Hershey Food Corporation currently holds 69% debt and 31% equity. (www.smithbarney.com) This would indicate a relatively high risk when considering investing in this company. I say this because when paying dividends on

Explore the Three Laws of Thermodynamics

Explore the Three Laws of Thermodynamics The branch of science called  thermodynamics deals with systems that are able to transfer thermal energy into at least one other form of energy (mechanical, electrical, etc.) or into work. The laws of thermodynamics were developed over the years as some of the most fundamental rules which are followed when a thermodynamic system goes through some sort of energy change. History of Thermodynamics The  history of thermodynamics  begins with  Otto von Guericke  who, in 1650, built the worlds first  vacuum pump  and demonstrated a  vacuum  using his  Magdeburg hemispheres. Guericke was driven to make a vacuum to disprove  Aristotles long-held supposition that nature abhors a vacuum. Shortly after Guericke, the English physicist and chemist  Robert Boyle  had learned of Guerickes designs and, in 1656, in coordination with English scientist  Robert Hooke, built an air pump.  Using this pump, Boyle and Hooke noticed a correlation between  pressure,  temperature, and  volume. In time,  Boyles Law  was formulated, which states that pressure and volume are  inversely proportional.   Consequences of the Laws of Thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics tend to be fairly easy to state and understand ... so much so that its easy to underestimate the impact they have. Among other things, they put constraints on how energy can be used in the universe. It would be very hard to over-emphasize how significant this concept is. The consequences of the laws of thermodynamics touch on almost every aspect of scientific inquiry in some way. Key Concepts for Understanding the Laws of Thermodynamics To understand the laws of thermodynamics, its essential to understand some other thermodynamics concepts that relate to them. Thermodynamics Overview - an overview of the basic principles of the field of thermodynamicsHeat Energy - a basic definition of heat energyTemperature - a basic definition of temperatureIntroduction to Heat Transfer - an explanation of various heat transfer methods.Thermodynamic Processes - the laws of thermodynamics mostly apply to thermodynamic processes, when a thermodynamic system goes through some sort of energetic transfer. Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics The study of heat as a distinct form of energy began in approximately 1798 when Sir Benjamin Thompson (also known as Count Rumford), a British military engineer, noticed that heat could be generated in proportion to the amount of work done ... a fundamental concept which would ultimately become a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics. French physicist Sadi Carnot first formulated a basic principle of thermodynamics in 1824. The principles which Carnot used to define his Carnot cycle heat engine would ultimately translate into the second law of thermodynamics by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius, who is also frequently credited with the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics. Part of the reason for the rapid development of thermodynamics in the nineteenth century was the need to develop efficient steam engines during the industrial revolution. Kinetic Theory the Laws of Thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics do not particularly concern themselves with the specific how and why of heat transfer, which makes sense for laws that were formulated before the atomic theory was fully adopted. They deal with the sum total of energy and heat transitions within a system and do not take into account the specific nature of heat transference on the atomic or molecular level. The Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics This zeroeth law is sort of transitive property of thermal equilibrium. The transitive property of mathematics says that if A B and B C, then A C. The same is true of thermodynamic systems that are in  thermal equilibrium. One consequence of the zeroeth law is the idea that measuring  temperature  has any meaning whatsoever. In order to measure temperature,  thermal equilibrium  must be  reached between the thermometer as a whole, the mercury inside the thermometer, and the substance being measured. This, in turn, results in being able to accurately tell what the temperature of the substance is. This law was understood without being explicitly stated through much of the history of thermodynamics study, and it was only realized that it was a law in its own right at the beginning of the 20th century. It was British physicist Ralph H. Fowler who first coined the term zeroeth  law, based on a belief that it was more fundamental even than the other laws. The First Law of Thermodynamics Though this may sound complex, its really a very simple idea. If you add heat to a system, there are only two things that can be done change the  internal energy  of the system or cause the system to do work (or, of course, some combination of the two). All of the heat energy must go into doing these things. Mathematical Representation of the First Law Physicists typically use uniform conventions for representing the quantities in the first law of thermodynamics. They are: U1  (or  Ui) initial internal energy at the start of the processU2  (or  Uf) final internal energy at the end of the processdelta-U  Ã‚  U2  -  U1   Change in internal energy (used in cases where the specifics of beginning and ending internal energies are irrelevant)Q  Ã‚  heat  transferred into (Q   0) or out of (Q   0) the systemW  Ã‚  work  performed by the system (W   0) or on the system (W   0). This yields a mathematical representation of the first law which proves very useful and can be rewritten in a couple of useful ways: The analysis of a  thermodynamic process, at least within a physics classroom situation, generally involves analyzing a situation where one of these quantities is either 0 or at least controllable in a reasonable manner. For example, in an  adiabatic process, the heat transfer (Q) is equal to 0 while in an  isochoric process  the work (W) is equal to 0. The First Law Conservation of Energy The  first law  of thermodynamics is seen by many as the foundation of the concept of conservation of energy. It basically says that the energy that goes into a system cannot be lost along the way, but has to be used to do something ... in this case, either  change  internal energy or perform work. Taken in this view, the first law of thermodynamics is one of the most far-reaching scientific concepts ever discovered. The Second Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics:The second law of thermodynamics is formulated in many ways, as will be addressed shortly, but is basically a law which - unlike most other laws in physics - deals not with how to do something, but rather deals entirely with placing a restriction on what can be done. It is a law that says nature constrains us from getting certain kinds of outcomes without putting a lot of work into it, and as such is also closely tied to the  concept of the conservation of energy, much as the first law of thermodynamics is. In practical applications, this law means that any  heat engine  or similar device based  on  the principles of thermodynamics cannot, even in theory, be 100% efficient. This principle was first illuminated by the French physicist and engineer Sadi Carnot, as he developed his  Carnot cycle  engine in 1824, and was later formalized  as a law of thermodynamics  by German physicist Rudolf Clausius. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics is perhaps the most popular outside of the realm of  physics because it is closely related to the concept of  entropy or the disorder created during a thermodynamic process. Reformulated as a statement regarding entropy, the second law reads: In any closed system, in other words, each time a system goes through a thermodynamic process, the system can never completely return to precisely the same state it was in before. This is one definition used for the  arrow of  time since entropy of the universe will always increase over time according to the second law of thermodynamics. Other Second Law Formulations A cyclic transformation whose only final result is to transform heat extracted from a source which is at the same temperature throughout into work is impossible. - Scottish physicist William Thompson ( A cyclic transformation whose only final result is to transfer heat from a body at a given temperature to a body at a higher temperature is impossible. - German physicist Rudolf Clausius All the above formulations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics are equivalent statements of the same fundamental principle. The Third Law of Thermodynamics The third law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement about the ability to create an  absolute  temperature scale, for which  absolute zero  is the point at which the internal energy of a solid is precisely 0. Various sources show the following three potential formulations of the  third law  of thermodynamics: It is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations.The entropy of a perfect crystal of an element in its most stable form tends to zero as the temperature approaches  absolute zero.As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant What the Third Law Means The third law means a few things, and again all of these formulations result in the same outcome depending upon how much you take into account: Formulation 3 contains the least restraints, merely stating that entropy goes to a constant. In fact, this constant is zero entropy (as stated in formulation 2). However, due to quantum constraints on any physical system, it will collapse into its lowest quantum state but never be able to perfectly reduce to 0 entropy, therefore it is impossible to reduce a physical system to absolute zero in a finite number of steps (which yields us formulation 1).

Observance of Religious Holidays Research Paper

Observance of Religious Holidays - Research Paper Example Research Problem The research problem is, â€Å"Study the history of observance of religious holidays. Explore the pros and cons of observing religious holidays, the policies of the schools and educational institutions, the legal issues involved and the steps taken by the administrators in observing religious holidays†. Literature review According to the pages of history, United Sates which was a land of few religions in 1776 developed into a country that professes countless religious beliefs throughout the nation. The children reading in the schools and colleges, staffs working in the offices are of different religions and vary largely from each other. The observance of religious holidays has thus turned into an area of concern for the college and the society. There are various pros and cons related to the observance of religious holidays. The observance of religious holidays is a sentimental issue and is dealt with sensitivity towards the people of different religions. The r eligious holidays observed by the different religions are creating a situation of conflict and confusion (American Academy of Religion, 2013). The increase in the number of religions leads to the increase in the number of religious holidays which is a point of concern as it poses a problem in the daily work of the schools and in the process of public education. The only way to bring a common solution to the problem of observing religious holidays in schools is to undertake a discussion that takes into account the points of similarity and differences in all the religions. The school must undertake policies to show respect to all the religions and display a... This paper approves that the increase in the number of holidays leads to the loss of working days which impacts the delivery of academic curriculum. Apart from this, the grant of excusal requests by the students and parents for absence on religious occasions is difficult to deny as this might create discontent among a section of the population. The teachings on the ideas of different religions and the observance and understanding of the respect shown to the religious ideas and beliefs could create misimpression and biased behavior among a certain segment of the students and the teachers. This report makes a conclusion that the schools and the institutions determine the policies on the observance of the religious holidays which is in line with the legal regulations in the field. The policies of the school endorse secular attitude with equal importance and respect to all the religions. The administrators play an important role in executing the policies. The administrator is responsible to conduct a survey on religious sentiments of the population and display sensitivity in dealing with the religious idea and beliefs. The inclusion of the religious learning and observance of religious holidays in the academic curriculum helps in development of understanding of the culture and history of the land. The observance of religious holidays is also done in a manner that it do not interfere the main goal of academic process in the schools. Thus observance of religious holidays in a tactical manner helps in maintaining a healthy learning environment and fosters the growth of educ ation process in the schools and the institutions.